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Risk Management Framework - RMF SP 800-37

Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations: A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy (nist.gov)

Prepare Essential activities to prepare the organization to manage security and privacy risks.

Implement the controls and document how controls are deployed.

Categorize the system and information processed, stored, and transmitted based on impact analysis. 

Assess to determine if the controls are in place, operating as intended, and producing the desired results. 

Select the set of NIST SP 800-53 controls to protect the system based on risk assessment(s)

Authorize: Senior official makes a risk-based decision to authorize the system (to operate).

Monitor: Continuously monitor control implementation and risks to the system. 
Table 1: RMF Steps Including Resources for Implementers and Supporting NIST Publications *Read More at Risk Management Framework (RMF) Overview - Risk Management | CSRC

Cybersecurity Framework

Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) Framework Core (nist.gov)

Identify –   Develop an organizational understanding to manage cybersecurity risk to systems, people, assets, data, and capabilities. The activities in the Identify Function are foundational for effective use of the Framework. Understanding the business context, the resources that support critical functions, and the related cybersecurity risks enables an organization to focus and prioritize its efforts, consistent with its risk management strategy and business needs. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Asset Management; Business Environment; Governance; Risk Assessment; and Risk Management Strategy.

Protect – Develop and implement appropriate safeguards to ensure delivery of critical services. The Protect Function supports the ability to limit or contain the impact of a potential cybersecurity event. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Identity Management and Access Control; Awareness and Training; Data Security; Information Protection Processes and Procedures; Maintenance; and Protective Technology.

Detect – Develop and implement appropriate activities to identify the occurrence of a cybersecurity event. The Detect Function enables the timely discovery of cybersecurity events. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Anomalies and Events; Security Continuous Monitoring; and Detection Processes. 

Respond – Develop and implement appropriate activities to take action regarding a detected cybersecurity incident. The Respond Function supports the ability to contain the impact of a potential cybersecurity incident. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Response Planning; Communications; Analysis; Mitigation; and Improvements.

Recover – Develop and implement appropriate activities to maintain plans for resilience and to restore any capabilities or services that were impaired due to a cybersecurity incident. The Recover Function supports timely recovery to normal operations to reduce the impact of a cybersecurity incident. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Recovery Planning; Improvements; and Communications. 

Read more about NIST Cybersecurity Framework CSF

GRC Blog

Did you hear what happened to Appendix J?

Details
Written by: Robin Basham
Category: GRC Blog

Article Index

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Questions from the NIST 800-53 r5 updates

Several Control Families are substantially enhanced in SP 800-53 r5. Two families that require particular note and planning are what used to be managed as PMO packages and Appendixes during the ATO FedRAMP process. These are Program Management (PM) and the PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION PROCESSING AND TRANSPARENCY Families.

The takeaway we'd like to reinforce is that the steps for preparing and "packaging" the overall programs within FedRAMP and other NIST-related compliance assessments are now prescriptive with distinct outcomes and assessment steps. What was once a set of prepared packages provided during the triennial assessment are now continuous and distributed controls within the catalog (800-53r5). Here's what NIST writes about the Program Management control domain. 

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT CONTROLS [FISMA], [PRIVACT], and [OMB A-130] require federal agencies to develop, implement, and provide oversight for organization-wide information security and privacy programs to help ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of federal information processed, stored, and transmitted by federal information systems and to protect individual privacy. The program management (PM) controls described in this section are implemented at the organization level and not directed at individual information systems. The PM controls have been designed to facilitate organizational compliance with applicable federal laws, executive orders, directives, policies, regulations, and standards. The controls are independent of [FIPS 200] impact levels and, therefore, are not associated with the control baselines described in [SP 800-53B]. Organizations document program management controls in the information security and privacy program plans. The organization-wide information security program plan (see PM-1) and privacy program plan (see PM-18) supplement system security and privacy plans (see PL-2) developed for organizational information systems. Together, the system security and privacy plans for the individual information systems and the information security and privacy program plans cover the totality of security and privacy controls employed by the organization.

800-53 Rev. 4 (Appendix J) Control 800-53 Rev. 5 Controls
AP-1: Authority to Collect PT-2: Authority to Process Personally Identifiable Information
AP-2: Purpose Specification PT-3: Personally Identifiable Information Processing Purposes
AR-1: Governance and Privacy Program PM-3: Information Security and Privacy Resources
PM-18: Privacy Program Plan
PM-19: Privacy Program Leadership Role
AR-2: Privacy Impact and Risk Assessment RA-3: Risk Assessment
RA-8: Privacy Impact Assessment
AR-3: Privacy Requirements for Contractors and Service Providers SA-1: Policies and Procedures
SA-4: Acquisition Process
SA-9: External System Services
AR-4: Privacy Monitoring and Auditing CA-2: Control Assessments
AR-5: Privacy Awareness and Training AT-1: Policies and Procedures
AT-2: Literacy Training and Awareness
AT-3: Role-based Training
PL-4: Rules of Behavior
AR-6: Privacy Reporting PM-27: Privacy Reporting
AR-7: Privacy-Enhanced System Design and Development No specific control reflects AR-7, but there are discretionary control enhancements that relate to automation.
AR-8: Accounting of Disclosures PM-21: Accounting of Disclosures
DI-1: Data Quality   PM-22: Personally Identifiable Information Quality Management
SI-18: Personally Identifiable Information Quality Operations
DI-2: Data Integrity and Data Integrity Board PM-24: Data Integrity Board
SI-1: Policies and Procedures
DM-1: Minimization of Personally Identifiable Information SA-8(33): Security and Privacy Engineering Principles | Minimization
PM-5(1): System Inventory | Inventory of Personally Identifiable Information
SI-12(1): Information Management and Retention | Limit Personally Identifiable Information Elements
DM-2: Data Retention and Disposal MP-6: Media Sanitization
SI-12: Information Management and Retention
SI-12(3): Information Management and Retention |Information Disposal
DM-3: Minimization of PII used in Testing, Training, and Research PM-25: Minimization of Personally Identifiable Information used in Testing, Training, and Research
SI-12(2): Information Management and Retention | Minimize Personally Identifiable Information in Testing, Training and Research
IP-1: Consent PT-4: Consent
IP-2: Individual Access AC-1: Policies and Procedures
AC-3(14): Access Enforcement | Individual Access
PM-20: Dissemination of Privacy Program Information
PT-5: Privacy Notice
PT-6: System of Records Notice
IP-3: Redress PM-22: Personally Identifiable Information Quality Management
SI-18: Personally Identifiable Information Quality Operations
SI-18(4): Personally Identifiable Information Quality Operations | Individual Requests
SI-18(5): Personally Identifiable Information Quality Operations | Notice of Correction or Deletion
IP-4: Complaint Management PM-26: Complaint Management
SE-1: Inventory of Personally Identifiable Information PM-5(1): System Inventory | Inventory of Personally Identifiable Information
SE-2: Privacy Incident Response IR-8: Incident Response Plan
IR-8(1): Incident Response Plan | Breaches 
TR-1: Privacy Notice PT-5: Privacy Notice
PT-5(1): Privacy Notice | Just-In-Time Notice
TR-2: System of Records Notices and Privacy Act Statements PT-5(2): Privacy Notice | Privacy Act Statements
PT-6: System of Records Notice
TR-3: Dissemination of Privacy Program Information PM-20: Dissemination of Privacy Program Information
UL-1: Internal Use PT-3: Personally Identifiable Information Processing Purposes
UL-2: Information Sharing with Third Parties AC-21: Information Sharing
AT-3(5): Role-based Training | Processing Personally Identifiable Information
AU-2: Event Logging
PT-2: Authority to Process Personally Identifiable Information
PT-3: Personally Identifiable Information Processing Purposes
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FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements

FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements - Visit FIPS 200, Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Info and Info Systems | CSRC (nist.gov)
  • Access Control (AC)
  • Awareness and Training (AT)
  • Audit and Accountability (AU)
  • Certification, Accreditation, and Security Assessments (CA)
  • Configuration Management (CM)
  • Contingency Planning (CP)
  • Identification and Authentication (IA)
  • Incident Response (IR)

Read FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements
  • Maintenance (MA)
  • Media Protection (MP)
  • Physical and Environmental Protection (PE)
  • Planning (PL)
  • Personnel Security (PS)
  • Risk Assessment (RA)
  • System and Services Acquisition (SA)
  • System and Communications Protection (SC)
  • System and Information Integrity (SI)

Standards.gov | NIST

Standards.gov | NIST
Documentary Standards can specify the definition of terms; classifications of components; delineation of procedures; specification of dimensions, materials, processes, products, systems, services, or practices; test methods and sampling procedures; or descriptions of fit and measurements of size or strength. Under the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA), NIST is assigned the responsibility to coordinate federal, state, and local documentary standards and conformity assessment activities.
Standards.gov | Federal Use of Standards | Standards Incorporated by Reference (SIBR) | Industry Standards | International Standards | Military Standards | Standards Issued or Adopted by Federal Agencies | Standards Search Engines | Voluntary Product Standards

NIST Reading

Whether you're preparing for Cybersecurity certification, working with government standards, or simply starting your career in compliance, these are the NIST Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS), Special Publication (SP), and Interagency Report (IR) topics you need to know. (The Perils of Mount Must Read™ Confessions of a Cliff Note Junky) These resources go onto the "Mountain of Must Read". If you don't recognize the standard reference, you've missed critical understanding. As of 2022, this is the minimum NIST alphabet. All of these documents are found at https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/ Be very careful about static content. Look at links before you launch them. Never use alternate sites for the Computer Security Resource Center. Get the full list here <NIST Reading Extended>

FIPS Publication 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules [FIPS 140-2]
FIPS Publication 199 Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and Information Systems [FIPS 199]
FIPS Publication 200 Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Information and Information Systems [FIPS 200]
FIPS Publication 201-1 Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors [FIPS 201-1]		 NISTIR 8212 ISCMA: An Information Security Continuous Monitoring Program Assessment
NIST SP 800-18 Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal Information Systems [SP 800-18]
NIST SP 800-30 Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems [NIST SP 800-30]
NIST SP 800-34 Contingency Planning Guide for Federal Information Systems [SP 800-34]

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