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Risk Management Framework - RMF SP 800-37

Risk Management Framework for Information Systems and Organizations: A System Life Cycle Approach for Security and Privacy (nist.gov)

Prepare Essential activities to prepare the organization to manage security and privacy risks.

Implement the controls and document how controls are deployed.

Categorize the system and information processed, stored, and transmitted based on impact analysis. 

Assess to determine if the controls are in place, operating as intended, and producing the desired results. 

Select the set of NIST SP 800-53 controls to protect the system based on risk assessment(s)

Authorize: Senior official makes a risk-based decision to authorize the system (to operate).

Monitor: Continuously monitor control implementation and risks to the system. 
Table 1: RMF Steps Including Resources for Implementers and Supporting NIST Publications *Read More at Risk Management Framework (RMF) Overview - Risk Management | CSRC

Cybersecurity Framework

Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) Framework Core (nist.gov)

Identify –   Develop an organizational understanding to manage cybersecurity risk to systems, people, assets, data, and capabilities. The activities in the Identify Function are foundational for effective use of the Framework. Understanding the business context, the resources that support critical functions, and the related cybersecurity risks enables an organization to focus and prioritize its efforts, consistent with its risk management strategy and business needs. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Asset Management; Business Environment; Governance; Risk Assessment; and Risk Management Strategy.

Protect – Develop and implement appropriate safeguards to ensure delivery of critical services. The Protect Function supports the ability to limit or contain the impact of a potential cybersecurity event. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Identity Management and Access Control; Awareness and Training; Data Security; Information Protection Processes and Procedures; Maintenance; and Protective Technology.

Detect – Develop and implement appropriate activities to identify the occurrence of a cybersecurity event. The Detect Function enables the timely discovery of cybersecurity events. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Anomalies and Events; Security Continuous Monitoring; and Detection Processes. 

Respond – Develop and implement appropriate activities to take action regarding a detected cybersecurity incident. The Respond Function supports the ability to contain the impact of a potential cybersecurity incident. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Response Planning; Communications; Analysis; Mitigation; and Improvements.

Recover – Develop and implement appropriate activities to maintain plans for resilience and to restore any capabilities or services that were impaired due to a cybersecurity incident. The Recover Function supports timely recovery to normal operations to reduce the impact of a cybersecurity incident. Examples of outcome Categories within this Function include Recovery Planning; Improvements; and Communications. 

Read more about NIST Cybersecurity Framework CSF

Cybersecurity RoadMap

AICPA Cybersecurity Risk Management Examination Report - CYBERSECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT

Details
Written by: Robin Basham
Parent Category: Services
Category: Cybersecurity RoadMap

Article Index

Page 5 of 7

CYBERSECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

DC11: The process for (1) identifying cybersecurity risks and environmental, technological, organizational and other changes that could have a significant effect on the entity's cybersecurity risk management program and (2) assessing the related risks to the achievement of the entity's cybersecurity objectives
  • The use of new technologies
  • Changes to the regulatory, economic, and physical environment in which the entity operates
  • New business lines
  • Changes to the composition of existing business lines
  • Changes in available resources
  • Acquired or divested business operations
  • Rapid growth
  • Changing operational presence in foreign countries
  • Changing political climates
DC12: The process for identifying, assessing, and managing the risks associated with vendors and business partners
  • Establishing specific requirements for a vendor and other business partner engagement that includes scope of services and product specifications, roles and responsibilities, compliance requirements, and service levels
  • Assessing, on a periodic basis, the risks that the vendors and business partners represent to the achievement of the entity's objectives, including risks that arise from those entities' relevant vendors and business partners (often referred to as fourth party risk)
  • Assigning responsibility and accountability for the management of associated risks
  • Establishing communication and resolution protocols for service and product issues, including reporting of identified threats
  • Establishing exception-handling procedures
  • Periodically assessing the performance of vendors and business partners and those entities' relevant vendors and business partners
  • Implementing procedures for addressing associated risks

CYBERSECURITY COMMUNICATIONS AND QUALITY OF CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION

DC-13 to DC-16
DC13: The process for internally communicating relevant cybersecurity information necessary to support the functioning of the entity's cybersecurity risk management program, including (1) objectives and responsibilities for cybersecurity and (2) thresholds for communicating identified security events that are monitored, investigated, and determined to be security incidents requiring a response, remediation, or both
  • Awareness programs, including training about detecting and avoiding social engineering threats and security breach reporting and response
  • Job descriptions
  • Acknowledgement of code of conduct and policies,
  • Employee signed confidentiality agreements, and
  • Policy and procedures manuals)
DC14: The process for communicating with external parties regarding matters affecting the functioning of the entity's cybersecurity risk management program
  • The existence and use of open communication channels that allow input from customers, consumers, vendors, business partners, external auditors, regulators, financial analysts, and others to provide management and the board of directors with relevant information
  • The process for creating and updating communications regarding cybersecurity, including considerations of timing, audience, and nature of information when selecting the communication method to be used
  • The use of various communication channels, such as whistle-blower hotlines, to enable anonymous or confidential communication when normal channels are inoperative or ineffective
  • The process by which legal, regulatory, and fiduciary requirements, including required communication of data breaches and incidents, are considered when making communications
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FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements

FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements - Visit FIPS 200, Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Info and Info Systems | CSRC (nist.gov)
  • Access Control (AC)
  • Awareness and Training (AT)
  • Audit and Accountability (AU)
  • Certification, Accreditation, and Security Assessments (CA)
  • Configuration Management (CM)
  • Contingency Planning (CP)
  • Identification and Authentication (IA)
  • Incident Response (IR)

Read FIPS PUB 200 Minimum Security Requirements
  • Maintenance (MA)
  • Media Protection (MP)
  • Physical and Environmental Protection (PE)
  • Planning (PL)
  • Personnel Security (PS)
  • Risk Assessment (RA)
  • System and Services Acquisition (SA)
  • System and Communications Protection (SC)
  • System and Information Integrity (SI)

NIST Reading

Whether you're preparing for Cybersecurity certification, working with government standards, or simply starting your career in compliance, these are the NIST Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS), Special Publication (SP), and Interagency Report (IR) topics you need to know. (The Perils of Mount Must Read™ Confessions of a Cliff Note Junky) These resources go onto the "Mountain of Must Read". If you don't recognize the standard reference, you've missed critical understanding. As of 2022, this is the minimum NIST alphabet. All of these documents are found at https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/ Be very careful about static content. Look at links before you launch them. Never use alternate sites for the Computer Security Resource Center. Get the full list here <NIST Reading Extended>

FIPS Publication 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules [FIPS 140-2]
FIPS Publication 199 Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and Information Systems [FIPS 199]
FIPS Publication 200 Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Information and Information Systems [FIPS 200]
FIPS Publication 201-1 Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors [FIPS 201-1]		 NISTIR 8212 ISCMA: An Information Security Continuous Monitoring Program Assessment
NIST SP 800-18 Guide for Developing Security Plans for Federal Information Systems [SP 800-18]
NIST SP 800-30 Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems [NIST SP 800-30]
NIST SP 800-34 Contingency Planning Guide for Federal Information Systems [SP 800-34]

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